In 1999, in addition to measuring the damaged area, the main stems were split and live larvae in each main stem were counted. Later in the season, the prevalent hosts were johnsongrass and vaseygrass, and to a lesser extent late annuals such as hairy crabgrass figure 1. So, in all the rice growing areas this insect or moth pest is available. Biology and management of the mexican rice borer lepidoptera. Evaluation of different insecticides and botanical. Stem borer scirpophaga, chilo, sesamia species larvae are pale caterpillars, 23 cm long, often with. Moderate to severe in nursery, 5% dead hearts or one egg massm 2 at planting to tillering stages or one mothm 2 at panicle initiation to booting or flowering stages. Its rice harvest season here in leyte, philippines and many farmers have been complaining of a very low harvest because of stem borer infestation.
Rice plants can compensate for stem borer damage at vegetative stage by producing more tillers. In this experiment, stem borer pressure was not exceptionally heavy and a significant yield response among treatments did not occur table 1. Observation on yellow stem borer infestation was recorded after 30, 50, 70 and 90 dat days after transplanting and at harvest from 10 randomly selected hills per plot. It is found in afghanistan, nepal, northeastern india, sri lanka, bangladesh, myanmar, vietnam, thailand, malaysia, singapore, sumatra, java, borneo, sumba, sulawesi, the philippines, taiwan, china and japan. It is found in aquatic environments where there is continuous flooding. Status in the rice stem borer complex in the united states. Functional analysis of eight chitinase genes in rice stem. Efficacy of ecofriendly insecticides against yellow stem. Evaluation of insecticides for stem borer control discussion previous research by the entomology project has shown that stem borers can cause significant yield loss in rice. Lepidopteran stem borer species abundance and associated. Rice fields of uttar pradesh were surveyed and major insect pests of rice crops were reported.
Seasonal incidence of rice yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas wlk. Chilo suppressalis, the asiatic rice borer or striped rice stemborer, is a moth of the family crambidae. Pdf an experiment was carried out in order to study the methods of. The insecticides also significantly reduced the mean percent folding of leaves by rice leaf folder, however, fastac 5ec had no significant difference with that of the control.
They attach themselves to the tiller and bore into the stem. Management of rice yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas. The occurrence of scirpophaga virginiaschultze, crambidae lepidoptera on rice is reported for the first time on rice in tamil nadu, india. Rice striped stem borer, chilo suppressalis lepidoptera. Adult moths were trapped by light traps and collected in vials for identification. The rice striped stem borer chilo suppressalis walker, the yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas walker, and the pink stem borer sesamia inferens walker are the most injurious insect pests of rice in the yangtze delta, one of the countrys rice bowls and a region undergoing rapid economic development. The adult moths lay eggs on rice leaves and the larvae bore into the stem. Moths shoot tip moths several families clear wing moths others, pyralid moths, carpenter worms beetles metallic wood boring beetles flat headed borers long. The effect of using low densities of different dispensing technologies on mating disruption of the striped rice stem borer, chilo suppressalis walker, was evaluated in the rice growing area of valencia spain from 2011 to 20. Evaluation of resistance to striped stem borer in rice. The most conspicuous symptoms of stem borer attack are usually expressed in the formation of dead hearts or discoloured apical shoot, and branching of the growing plant. Comparative efficacy of some insecticides against rice. Integrated control of yellow rice stem borer scirpophaga incertulas. Species diversity, abundance, and dispersion of rice stem borers in framers fields were studied in four major rice growing areas of kahama district.
Stem borer larvae were extracted from the damaged tillers in 16 quadrants established in each field. Overwintering notata larvae move into the root and construct tunnels up to 4 inches. Yellow stem borer, gallmidge, brown planthopper, green. How to manage stem borers pinoy rice knowledge bank. The larvae feed on the internal tissues of the stem and undergo 56 moults. This suggests stem borers did not reduce the density of culms producing panicles in the main or ratoon crop. Pdf onfarm evaluation of integrated management of rice. Efficacy of some insecticides against rice stem borers introduction. Rice stem borers are among the most biotic stresses of economic importance in agriculture. In rice, panicles with empty or partially filled grains often result. The pheromone blend has been identified as z octadecenyl acetate. Genetic variability of rice varieties to stem borer attack was significantly observed.
Pdf integrated management of the striped rice stem borer, chilo. Khan international centre for insect physiology and ecology icipe maize is the most important cereal crop, which serve as staple food for millions in subsaharan africa. Field efficacy of certain insecticides against yellow stem borer of rice. Pdf integrated management of rice stem borers in the yangtze. After rice cropping the land was left fallow, leaving white stem borer larvae in the stubble. The yellow stem borer is an important pest of irrigated rice in south and southeast asia.
Understanding stem borer abundance and damages would help to design appropriate stem borer integrated pest management strategy in rice. The stem borer larvae bore at the base of the plants during the vegetative stage. Pdf occurrence of new stem borer species, scirpophaga. Sesiidae in south carolina1 ramazan canhilal and gerald r. Noctuidae is a polyphagous pest attacking various graminaceous crops like sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, wheat 30,48, rice 5, 23, oats, barley, sugarcane and some grasses 38. In relation to conventional and sri methods of planting and its correlation with weather parameters a. Khan international centre for insect physiology and ecology icipe maize is the most important cereal crop, which serve as staple food for. This study was based on 10 years of research combining the best.
Efficacy of selected biopesticides and botanical extracts. Rice striped stem borer ssb, chilo suppressalis walker, is one of the most destructive pests of rice causing huge yield losses. Nagar, uttarakhand, india seasonal incidence of rice stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas walker on different. These results agree with those reported for the effect of stem diameter on infestation of rice cultivars by the stem borer rubiasanchez et al. Mar 31, 2016 this is a video clip produced by trainee of 3 days training on communicating science through video presentations. Mating disruption to control the striped rice stem borer. Characteristics of the aggregation pattern of the striped rice borer chilo suppressalis walker during the larval stage. In contrast, infested older plants first show yellow, dried out leaves. Second instar larvae enclose themselves in body leaf wrappings to make tubes and detach themselves from the leaf and falls onto the water surface. Little was known about stem borer problem in tanzania prior to this study. National symposium on sustainable pest management for safer environment held on 46 december at crri cuttak, 2007, 195197. Sep 12, 2016 how to control rice yellow stem borer.
Effectiveness of practiced management option to control rice. Rice stem borers belonging to two lepidopteran families of pyralidae and noctuidae can infest rice plants from seedling to ma turity. Stem borers consist primarily of insects in the lepidopterous families, noctuidae and pyralidae. A fully grown caterpillar is cylindrical with its head redbrown in colour and measures 2025 mm in length. They are largely responsible for the great reduction in the rice growing in east asia, india and indonesia.
Farmers perceptions of rice production constraints and. Efficacy of insecticides against the rice stemborer, chilo. A field population of the rice stem borer chilo suppressalis walker with. A total of 42 rice lines were evaluated in the field under natural infestation conditions in. The larvae after hatching bore into the stem and feed upon the tissues of the stem. Onfarm evaluation of integrated management of rice yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas walk. Overwintering notata larvae move into the root and construct tunnels up to 4 inches deep. This gave a better estimate of the degree of damage because holes would merge as feeding by svb progressed. The reduction of the current number of release points 30 polymeric dispensersha was investigated by installing 3 aerosol devices per ha experiments.
Common insect pests of rice and their natural biological control an illustrated guide to the insect pests that feed on rice plants and the organisms that feed. On older plants, they bore through the upper nodes and feed toward the base. Chilodb is an integrated resource that will be of use to the rice stem borer research community. Integrated management of cereal stem borers and striga weed. Integrated management of rice stem borers in the yangtze delta, china. The mexican rice borer lays eggs on dead or dying rice foliage. The rice stem borer and brown plant hopper have the largest share. Insect pests are classified into two groups, such as major pests and minor pests.
Rice pests included root feeders termites, mole cricket, rice root weevil and rice water weevil, stem borers yellow stem borer, white stem borer, striped stem borer, dark headed stem borer, and pink stem. Resistance of dryland rice to stem borer scirpophaga. No matter which continent, ecosystem, or type of crop culture, a field of rice is usually infested by more than one stem borer species. Management of rice insect pests radcliffes ipm world textbook. It is a widespread species, known from india, sri lanka, china, eastern asia, japan, taiwan, malaysia to the pacific it is a serious pest of rice. Pests of rice rice stem borer yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas pyralidae. Integrated management of cereal stem borers and striga weed in maizebased cropping systems in africa z. The instar larvae get dispersed with the help of silken threads and wind. About 21 lepidopterans, stem borers have been reported as an economically important insect pest of cultivated grasses in africa including 12. Abstract the rice stem borer infestation was a serious problem for rice cultivation in bangladesh. Stem borer scirpophaga is a serious paddy pest in india, pakistan, burma, sri lanka, china, japan formosa, philippines and indonesia. Other stem borers on rice include dark headed borer,chilo suppressalis.
The thirty days old seedlings were transplanted with the inter and intrarow spacing of 15 x 10 cm at the rate of three seedlings per hill. Of the various major pests, the stem borer insect is the most dangerous enemy to the paddy plant. Introduction rice oryza sativa l, one of the major cereal crops in the world is attacked by various insect pests where lepidopteran stem borers have been reported as the most harmful 1. In this study, surveys and field trials were performed to examine this problem and efficient ways were found to lower the borers population density. Lepidoptera the pest is widely distributed in all asian countries, monophagous and is a major pest on rice in india.
Predicting population fluctuations of the rice stem borer by the multiple factors comprehensive correlation method. It had 23 generations in northern iran, with some of the larvae pupating in summer to give secondgeneration adults. For both varieties, for both main and ratoon crops, mexican rice borer was the predominant stem borer species about 70%. The striped stem borer chilo suppressalis walker is one of the most important rice pests in asia. Over the winter, stem borer highest densities were found in vaseygrass figure 1. Preliminary study on resistance of the rice stem borer. Journal common insect pests of rice and their natural. Since pesticide application is the major management tactic in china, judicious timing of a minimal dose of insecticides is important in developing an ipm program for that pest. In our previous work, we reported the identification of 12 ssb chitinase cscht genes, and studied the functions of cscht1 to 4. Sporadic outbreaks of rice stem borers are reported from different districts of the country.
Scirpophaga incertulas, the yellow stem borer or rice yellow stem borer, is a species of moth of the family crambidae. Steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae against the squash vine borer, melittia cucurbitae lepidoptera. Evaluation of different insecticides and botanical extracts against yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas in rice field md. Insects that are considered pests in rice include root feeders and panicle feeders. Nazmul huda 1, prosanta kumar dash 1 1agrotechnology discipline, khulna university, khulna, bangladesh. The species is included in the genusscirpophaga treitschke, 1832, in the subfamily schoenobiinae. The insects infest rice crops throughout their growth, from the seedling stage to maturity. A stemborer stem borer is any insect larva, or arthropod, that bores into plant stems. Presence of bacteria in the rice paddy and irrigation canals. Clip the seedling tips before transplanting to eliminate egg masses and collect and destroy the egg masses in main field. Carner2 seyrani agricultural faculty, erciyes university 38039 melikgazi, kayseri, turkey. The white stem borer has become less important in australia since the introduction of direct seeding.
The objective of this study was to identify rice lines resistant to striped stem borer and to determine plant characteristics associated with resistance. At atl release egg parasitoid, trichogramma japonicum for the management of the rice yellow stem borer spraying neem seed kernel extract controls stem borer clip the seedling tips before transplanting to eliminate egg masses and collect and destroy the egg masses in main field. The rice striped stem borer ssb, chilo suppressalis walker, is a major rice pest that causes severe yield losses in most rice producing countries. Rice, genotypes, stem borer, infestation, resistance, susceptibility. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of two organic pesticides to control rice yellow stem borer. Concerns about the sustainability of conventional agriculture have prompted widespread introduction of integrated pest management, an ecologicallybased approach to control of harmful insects and pests. Moderate to severe incidence is noticed in nursery, planting to mid. Paddy stem borers yellow stem borer, dark hade stripborer, white stem borer etc damage. The number of eggs laid by a single female moth is upto 150.
Pink stem borer sesamia inferens walker lepidoptera. Abundance and spatial dispersion of rice stem borer species. Pdf integrated management of rice stem borers in the. Management of rice yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas walker using some biorational insecticides sitesh chatterjee1 and palash mondal2 abstract the experiments were carried out to study the performance of some biorational insecticides against yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas walker in boro rice at rice research station, chinsurah. The borers in most areas from jiangsu were still susceptible to. Observation on yellow stem borer infestation was recorded after 30, 50, 70 and 90 dat days after transplanting and at. Economic threshold levels etls of major insect pests of rice. As listed in table 1, the results revealed that fipronil was highly toxic to the rice stem borer. Training was conducted by icarzpdiii, barapani, meghalaya. For either variety, panicle density in main and ratoon crops was not affected by stem borer damage table 1.
Larvae of the rice stemborer, chilo suppressalis walker, cause extensive. Rice stem gall midge orseolia oryzae similar insect shown small, fragile insects with long legs, brown body, black eyes and long segmented feelers antennae. Sesmila inferens walker pink stem borer, psb 4683 polyphagus diapause. Feeding in the stem during the vegetative growth stage of the plant seedling to stem elongation causes death of the central shoot deadheart. Pdf interpretation on biological control adoption of the.
Pyralid borers are the most common and destructive of all stern borers and usually have a high degree of host specificity pathak, 1968. Efficacy of some novel insecticides against yellow stem r. Egg are laid on leaf, freshly hatched larvae move down to leaf sheath and feed on inner tissue, with the advancement of growth and development larvae bore into stem bore into stem. Pdf the rice striped stem borer chilo suppressalis walker, the yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas walker, and the pink stem borer sesamia. Larvae of the rice stem borer, chilo suppressalis walker, cause extensive crop losses worldwide. The mexican rice borer, eoreuma loftini dyar, is an invasive pest of rice, oryza sativa l. This is a video clip produced by trainee of 3 days training on communicating science through video presentations. Figure 121 provides an overview of the growth stages when specific insects are likely to damage drillseeded rice. The eggs are rounded, pale and yellowish green in colour. Mexican rice borer eoreuma loftini, rice stalk borer chilo plejadellus and sugarcane borer diatraea saccharalis the most abundant and damaging stem borer is the mexican rice borer which was introduced from mexico into the texas rice belt in 1988.
Pant university of agriculture and technology, pantnagar, u. The aim of this study was to investigate constraints affecting rice production and farmers approaches of stem borer management in irrigated low land rice ecosystems in tanzania. Super rice has the potential to deliver very high yields but is also susceptible to attack by the striped rice stem borer, chilo suppressalis. Integrated management of cereal stem borers and striga. Since 1970 this area now has a good irrigation system over 250,000 ha, and with the introduction of mediummaturing rice cultivars 5140 days, a rice rice. Harvest the plants at ground level to remove stem borer habitat. When young plants are attacked which often happens while they are still in the seed bed, the first symptoms are the dyingoff of growing points and the surrounding leaves dead heart. Seasonal incidence of rice yellow stem borer scirpophaga. Several substances and plant characteristics have been shown to attract or repel stem borers. Moths shoot tip moths several families clear wing moths. Yellowish brown head with five longitudinal purplish brown stripes. Rnaseq of rice yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas. Interpretation on biological control adoption of the rice stem borer, chilo suppressalis walker in north part of iran.
Efficacy of insecticides against the rice stemborer. The borer larvae which hatch from the egg masses migrate within the leaf sheaths and the rice stem generally within 48 hours after hatching and feed on the leaf sheath tissues for about 6 days, after which they bore inside the rice stem. The moths of these stem borers are strong fliers and, with the help of wind, may cover. From observations in 3 different localities from 1973 onwards, an account is given of its biology and control. In contrast, waterseeded rice presents a slightly different scenario. Evaluation of different insecticides and botanical extracts.
1514 1448 490 731 1137 1289 256 715 292 621 328 451 1451 310 928 1004 122 526 474 1039 531 615 764 1270 796 1162 841 679 135 219 698 836 1470 426 998 238